Cheerleading dates to the late 19th century, with pep songs and organized cheers often accompanying collegiate football games. However, during those early days, only men were permitted to act as cheerleaders. The University of Minnesota unveiled the first female cheerleaders in 1923, ushering in a new era for cheering. Since then, the cheerleading uniform has evolved with the times, reflecting society's changing styles.
1920s
The first female cheerleaders during the 1920s wore long wool skirts and bulky sweaters over collared blouses or turtlenecks. Because most cheering involved only chants, the girls didn't need much freedom of movement. Complicated gymnastics and dance routines would be impossible in such heavy wool uniforms.
1930s
The 1930s witnessed the creation of a popular cheerleading uniform accessory. Jim Hazzlewood copyrighted the first pom pom, grouping strips of colorful crepe paper to craft the festive cheering aids. Vinyl pom poms wouldn't make the scene until 1965. Invented by Fred Gastoff, vinyl pom poms weigh less than the crepe paper models and are far more durable, making them a cheering staple regardless of weather conditions.
1960s
During the 1960s, cheerleading became more athletic. As a result, the uniform had to change. Cheerleaders ditched the long wool skirts and replaced them with shorter, pleated skirts that typically ran to the knee. Short-sleeved crew neck sweaters replaced the bulky cardigans, and cooler cotton-polyester blends made wool a thing of the past. Cheerleaders also stopped wearing blouses under the sweaters, allowing their stomachs to be seen during some maneuvers.
1970s
The 1970s continued the trend of shorter skirts and more exposed skin. In 1972, the Dallas Cowboy cheerleaders changed cheerleading forever, sporting short shorts, bare midriffs and plunging necklines. The Cowboy cheerleaders also performed rhythmic dance routines, making the cheerleaders as much of an attraction as the team on the field.
2000s
Modern cheerleading uniforms continue to be tailored for movement, permitting dance routines and assorted acrobatics. Because of the athletic requirements, cheerleading uniforms tend to be made from spandex-polyester blends. The preferred skirt length hovers around mid-thigh, with the skirt measuring between 12 and 14 inches in length. Modern cheerleaders often wear form-fitting tops over sports bras or a leotard-like body suit to further enhance movement. While high school cheerleading tops must cover the cheerleader's midriff when her arms are at her sides, professional cheerleaders face no such restrictions and sport uniforms that would make their 1920 counterparts blush.
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