Whey and soy protein powders are two of the most popular types of protein supplement products on the market. Each is designed to be used as a fitness supplement and/or as a way to treat protein deficiency. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, most Americans consume plenty of protein already, so consult your doctor before supplementing with protein powders.
Whey
Whey protein is derived from cow's milk, and it makes up about 20 percent of the total protein content in milk, according to McKinley Health Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. There are three main types of whey protein powders, including concentrate, isolate and hydrolysates. McKinley Health Center recommends choosing whey protein isolate or concentrate with a protein content of 80 percent or more. It also states that whey protein is superior to soy protein in that the human body can absorb it better.
Soy
Soy protein powder is derived from soybeans, making it ideal for vegetarians or those who are lactose intolerant. This is the primary difference between whey and soy protein supplements. Soy powders offer many healthy benefits when consumed as directed by your doctor. For instance, Kristen S. Montgomery, Ph.D., R.N., assistant professor in the nursing department at the University of South Carolina, says it can help improve the health of women following menopause, prevent certain types of cancer and contains less saturated fat than whey protein powders.
Amino Acids
Both whey and soy protein contain all of the essential amino acids your body needs but does not produce itself. These amino acids are important in the muscle-building process. According to Bodybuilding.com, whey protein is a better source of branched-chain amino acids -- an important energy source used by your muscles -- while soy protein is a better source of arginine and glutamine -- both important amino acids used to build muscle and boost metabolism. Furthermore, whey protein powders get absorbed faster in the body, while soy protein gets absorbed at a more gradual pace.
Risks
Consuming too much protein can be unhealthy. The CDC points out that it can lead to weight gain, kidney problems and heart disease. Since soy protein is lower in saturated fat, it may be the superior choice for those with high cholesterol or heart disease. McKinley Health Center suggests consuming 20 to 25 g of protein supplements per day as part of a consistent exercise program, such as for physically active athletes. Sedentary people will only gain weight when consuming any type of protein powder.
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