GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a condition that occurs when stomach acid enters the esophagus. This happens because the lower esophageal sphincter muscle (LES), which is located at the opening between the esophagus and the stomach, does not close properly. This can lead to symptoms of burning sensations in the chest or throat. It often feels like heartburn or acid indigestion. GERD is diagnosed when there is a constant problem with reflux that happens more than twice a week. If left untreated, it can lead to serious health problems. However, with the right dietary changes and medication, this condition can be managed.
Antacids
According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, antacids are usually the first drug of choice. These medication have a combination of ingredients, such as magnesium, calcium and aluminum, mixed with hydroxide or bicarbonate ions. These ingredients help to neutralize the acid in your stomach. Common antacids include Alka-Seltzer, Tums, Maalox, Mylanta and Rolaids. These medications, although helpful, can also lead to diarrhea and constipation if overused. In addition, they tend to provide fast but only short-term relief. They do not repair acid damage to the esophagus.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
This form of medication is marketed under the brand names of Prilosec, Zegerid, Prevacid and Nexium, among others. Proton pump inhibitors are designed to stop the production of stomach acid. They not only help to reduce symptoms, but they also can help heal the esophageal lining to reduce complications. The American Academy of Family Physicians states that the downside of these medications is that they can take one to four days to work. They are available in over-the-counter or prescription strength.
Prokinetics
This class of drugs, which includes includes Urecholine and Reglan, works to strengthen the LES muscle and cause the stomach to empty faster. Metoclopramide is another prokinetic that can enhance muscle action in the digestive tract allowing less stomach acid to build. These medications can cause fatigue, sleepiness, depression, anxiety, neurological problems and difficulty with movement. The side effects may make this class of drugs undesirable.
Other Medications
Additional medication options for GERD include foaming agents, which coat the stomach with foam to prevent reflux. H2 blockers, including Tagamet HB, Pepcid AC and Zantac, are designed to decrease the amount of acid your stomach makes. H2 blockers do not provide immediate relief, but they can control symptoms for longer periods then antacids. H2 blockers are available over the counter or by prescription. Bismuth subsalicylate, another option, influences the way fluid moves through your bowels, to help cut down on acid buildup.
