Hemochromatosis is a hereditary disease that causes iron overload in the body. It is caused by a defect in the gene that regulates the absorption of iron from foods. People with hemochromatosis absorb up to four times as much iron as people without the disease. The body has no way of ridding itself of iron, so the iron builds up and can cause damage to the liver, heart and pancreas. Treatment of hemochromatosis includes regular therapeutic phlebotomy, or removing blood much like blood donations, and controlling iron absorption through diet modifications.
Iron-Rich Foods
There are two types of iron in foods: heme and non-heme. Heme iron is more easily absorbed and is mostly found in red meat. Venison, lamb and beef have the highest levels of heme iron and should be limited. Chicken and fish have lower levels. Non-heme iron is found in plant foods, such as beans and spinach, and is not easily absorbed, so you don't need to limit these foods. Many breakfast cereals are enriched with iron. Read the labels on these foods to determine the amount. Talk to your health care provider about the amount of iron you should consume every day.
Vitamin C Foods
Vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron. The Iron Disorders Institute recommends limiting your vitamin C supplementation to no more than 200 mg per day, but encourages eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, including those containing vitamin C. However, if you have a small amount of red meat in your meal, choose a fruit or vegetable that is lower in vitamin C to eat with it. Fruits and vegetables that contain vitamin C include citrus fruits, strawberry, kiwi, tomato and bell pepper.
Foods that Increase Iron Absorption
In addition to vitamin C, alcohol and sugar increase the absorption of iron. Alcohol can also lead to liver damage, which is a risk associated with hemochromatosis, so it should be avoided. The Iron Disorders Institute states that red wine may be of benefit if consumed in moderation, because it contains tannins, which inhibit iron absorption. Sugary foods and beverages should be avoided.
Foods that Inhibit Iron Absorption
Tannins and oxalates inhibit the absorption of iron. Tannins are found in tea and coffee, however, excessive consumption of tannins is not recommended if you have liver damage. Spinach and broccoli contain oxalates. Calcium inhibits both heme and non-heme iron. Other foods that inhibit iron absorption include eggs and those that contain fiber, including nuts, grains, beans and rice. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, because they contain fiber and non-heme iron, which is difficult to absorb.
Other Foods to Avoid
Raw fish and shellfish contain a bacterium which can be fatal to people with high iron levels. Cook any fish or shellfish you eat.
