Most people with diabetes are aware of the importance of carbohydrate control, but sodium also plays an important role in a diabetic diet. Because people with diabetes have a higher risk of developing heart problems, limiting foods that can increase the risk, such as saturated fats and sodium, is a prudent step toward healthy living. Tight control of blood pressure along with blood glucose levels can help reduce complications associated with diabetes. A registered dietitian can help you customize a diabetic meal plan that meets your individualized needs.
How Sodium Affects Diabetes
According to the American Diabetes Association, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is present in as many as 60 percent of patients with diabetes. Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to serious health conditions, including stroke and coronary heart disease, and can increase the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy.
Label Reading
A good overall sodium goal for people with diabetes is to aim for less than 2300 mg of sodium each day, which is equivalent to about a teaspoon, or less than 2000 mg if hypertension is present. When checking food labels, in addition to monitoring total carbohydrate intake for blood glucose control, also check total sodium content of the food to help with blood pressure control. The number listed on the food label corresponds to the serving size recommended for that product, so if you eat double the serving size, you must also double the numbers of the nutrients listed. Choose foods labeled as "low-sodium" or "sodium-free," but be cautious of food labeled as "reduced-sodium," which signifies a 25 percent reduction in total sodium from the original version, but does not necessarily mean it is a low-sodium choice.
Pass on the Salt
One of the easiest ways to cut down on total salt content in your diet is to avoid salting your foods. Remove the salt shaker from the table. Try substituting fresh or dried herbs in foods in place of salt or using pepper and sodium-free spice mixes. Lemon juice is another way to jazz up the flavor of food without increasing the sodium content.
Processed Foods
Processed foods, such as prepared meals, canned foods and processed meats, contribute a significant amount of sodium to the diet. Fresh meats and vegetables are best, but look for low-sodium sausages and bacon if necessary and canned vegetables with no added salt that have been drained and rinsed before using.
