The kidneys remove waste products from your blood. Kidney stones develop when the kidneys become over-saturated with minerals and can no longer dissolve them into urine. Undissolved minerals can form crystals and clump together and form stones. Small kidney stones can pass unnoticed; however, large stones can cause pain and complications. In some cases, surgery is required to remove kidney stones. Because kidney stones are made of calcium and other minerals, kidney stone diets generally limit these minerals.
Fluid Intake
Fluid intake is important to preventing the formation of kidney stones by diluting urine. If you have developed kidney stones, it is crucial to increase your fluid. As a general guideline, drink 8 to 10 oz. of fluid every hour while awake. If you awake during the night, drink 8 to 10 oz. of water. Drink water as 50 percent of your daily fluid intake. If you are physically active or lose water through sweat in a hot climate, drink more water to compensate.
Calcium
A large portion of dietary calcium comes from milk and milk-containing products. Your doctor may advise you to restrict calcium in your diet. He can provide a daily range within which you can stay to get an adequate amount without consuming excess. Sources of calcium include cheese, yogurt, custard, milk and ice cream.
Oxalic Acid
If you have oxalic acid, or oxalate kidney stones, your doctor may recommend reducing your dietary intake of oxalic acid, which is found mainly in plant foods. If this is the case, limit your intake of oxalic acid to 50 mg a day. Foods high in oxalic acid include spinach, strawberries, wheat bran, beets, nuts and tea. Your doctor can provide a complete list of foods high in oxalate.
Animal Protein, Sodium, Sugar and Fiber
If you have calcium kidney stones, limit your sodium intake to 2300 to 3500 mg per day. In addition, your doctor may advise you to limit your intake of animal protein and can provide a recommended daily range within which you can stay. Check food labels and choose low-sodium or sodium-free options. Avoid processed meats such as bologna, salami and frankfurters as these also can contain large amounts of sodium. Avoid packaged foods and foods with added sugar to ease the burden on your kidneys. Insoluble fiber increases the movement of substances through the intestines. Increasing your intake of insoluble fiber may help decrease calcium; however, foods that provide insoluble fiber, such as certain fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, may also be high in oxalate, so consult with your doctor before adding high fiber foods to your diet.
