Zantac, or ranitidine hydrochloride, is a medication used to treat gastroesophageal reflux (heartburn), stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers and hypersecretory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Zantac decreases the amount of gastric acid that is secreted both during the day and at night. Dosing of Zantac is typically 150 milligrams twice a day or 300 mg at bedtime. Side effects of Zantac use are many; see References for a complete list.
Central Nervous System Side Effects
Zantac use may cause headache, dizziness and sleepiness in some patients. The National Institutes of Health reports that Zantac may also cause insomnia, anxiety, agitation and mental confusion. A depressed mood is possible, so patients with a previous history of depression should be observed for recurrence or worsening of symptoms. Older adults may experience hallucinations.
Cardiovascular Side Effects
The NIH reports a rare occurrence of arrhythmias with Zantac use such as: premature ventricular beats, tachycardia (fast heart rate), bradycardia (slow heart rate), and atrioventricular block (heart block).
Gastrointestinal Side Effects
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea or constipation are possible gastrointestinal side effects associated with Zantac use. The NIH also reports rare incidence of pancreatitis.
Dermatologic Side Effects
Zantac may cause a rash, and in rare cases alopecia (hair loss) and vasculitis (inflammation of blood or lymph vessels).
Hematologic Side Effects
Zantac may cause a rare and reversible decrease in white blood cell counts resulting in conditions such as thrombocytopenia (low platelets) and leucopenia (low white blood cells).
General Side Effects
The NIH reports that rare complaints of muscle pain and joint pain have been received. Other general side effects of Zantac involve hypersensitivity responses that may be mild or severe. Symptoms range from bronchospasm, fever and rash to anaphylaxis. Another very rare side effect of Zantac use is hepatitis without jaundice. The NIH reports this side effect is extremely rare and reversible.
Warnings
Zantac comes in an effervescent tablet that contains phenylalanine; be alert to related sensitivities. The Zantac effervescent tablets should not be chewed, swallowed whole or dissolved in the mouth because of the risk of medication overdose. It is also available as a coated tablet and as a syrup.
Drug interactions can occur while taking Zantac so make sure your physician is aware of all medications you are taking and refer to package insert or physician prior to beginning Zantac.
References
- National Institute of Health
- Wilson, B. A., Shannon, T. M., & Shields, K. M. (2010). Pearson Nurse's Drug Guide 2010. New York: Pearson.
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