Trace minerals are named for the fact that your body only needs them in small amounts to function properly. Daily needs for trace minerals usually do not exceed 20 mg. The trace minerals -- iron, zinc, selenium, copper, fluoride, chromium, iodine, manganese and molybdenum -- have several important functions in your body.
Iron
Iron is the most abundant trace mineral in your body. According to the book "Nutrition and You" by Joan Salge Blake, the male body contains approximately 4,000 mg of iron, whereas the female body contains 2,300 mg of iron. Most of this iron is used to create red blood cells, which help transport oxygen throughout your body. The remaining iron makes up myoglobin, the oxygen-carrying component of muscles, and neurotransmitters in your brain.
Zinc
Zinc plays a role in the function of more than 100 different enzymes. Some of the most important functions of zinc include DNA and RNA synthesis, white blood cell production, and wound healing. Zinc is also involved in the growth of new tissues, so it is especially important for a developing fetus.
Selenium
Selenium-containing enzymes, called selenoproteins, help regulate the thyroid gland and the production of thyroid hormones in your body. Selenoproteins also function as antioxidants, which protect your cells from damage from unstable substances called free radicals.
Copper
Copper helps your body absorb iron so that you can synthesize red blood cells. Copper also helps you produce melanin, the pigment that gives your skin color, and plays a role in the creation of connective tissue. Copper also allows your blood to clot normally and help keeps your immune system healthy.
Fluoride
The most well-noted function of fluoride is its role in dental health. Fluoride helps repair enamel that has begun to erode and forms a protective barrier between your teeth and acid in your mouth to reduce further enamel erosion.
Chromium
Chromium helps increase the effectiveness of the hormone insulin, which carries glucose from your blood to your cells for energy. Chromium ensures that you are able to properly metabolize and store carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
Iodine
Iodine allows your thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, which control metabolism and allow your nerves, muscles and digestive tract to function properly. Approximately 60 percent of your thyroid hormones contain iodine, according to Blake.
Manganese
Manganese plays a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and amino acids. Manganese is also involved in the process that allows your body to form new, healthy bones.
Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a component of several different enzymes in your body. Specifically, molybdenum allows your body to break down amino acids.
References
- "Nutrition and You"; Joan Salge Blake; 2008
- University of Delaware Copperative Extension; Trace Minerals; Arlette Rasmussen; March 1, 1997
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