Potassium is a mineral that is present in all cellular fluid within the body. It is an electrolyte that is also useful in nerve transmission and is vital to the function of the heart along with many other organs. Though it is prevalent in many foods such as bananas, most Americans do not actually consume enough potassium in the diet however, consuming too much may have a number of harmful effects. In some cases, the body is unable to remove potassium from the bloodstream as in kidney disease that may result in symptoms of hyperkalemia or potassium levels that are too high. Though most potassium supplements require prescription, a doctor should be consulted before any potassium supplements are taken over-the-counter.
Heart Problems
The most serious harmful effects of consuming too much potassium occur in the heart. Excess blood potassium may cause problems with the heart rhythm, resulting in an irregular heartbeat that, in rare cases, may lead to death. Some patients also report a painful condition that mimics a heart attack known as pseudo myocardial infarction. Any heart symptoms should be treated immediately by a physician.
Digestive Disorder
Potassium supplements taken orally may cause gastrointestinal distress. The most common symptom is indigestion from taking oral potassium supplements. Most prescription versions of potassium are specially formulated to minimize gastrointestinal upset. More severe problems may indicate potassium toxicity within the bloodstream including nausea and diarrhea and warrant immediate medical attention.
Muscle Symptoms
Potassium is essential to muscle contraction. High potassium levels may have harmful effects affecting the muscles. Some patients may experience muscular twitching and irritability. More severe muscular symptoms of hyperkalemia may include muscle weakness, fatigue and in extreme cases, paralysis. Symptoms of high potassium affecting the muscles should be treated by a physician.
Nerve Symptoms
Potassium is also essential in the transmission of nerve impulses. Some patients with too much potassium in the body may experience sensations of tingling or itching and in severe cases, numbness. Skin sensation changes and nerve effects should be reported to a physician. In extreme cases of hyperkalemia, loss of consciousness and alterations in breathing may occur and should be treated as an emergency.
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