Millions of Americans suffer from diabetes, a metabolic disorder that results in the impaired utilization of dietary glucose. Diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of many serious conditions. Fortunately, proper monitoring and control of blood glucose can significantly reduce the risks associated with diabetes. A comprehensive diabetic treatment regimen may include both lifestyle modifications as well as the use of diabetic medications.
Sources of Sugar
The primary source of glucose in our body is obtained from dietary foods and beverages. Glucose and other non-fiber carbohydrates that can be converted to glucose are quickly absorbed into the bloodstream from the digestive tract. In addition, the human liver can synthesize glucose from other nutrients, including proteins and fatty acids. Dietary sources rich in carbohydrates, otherwise known as sugars, include fruits, grains and sweetened beverages.
Diabetes
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that results in the impaired metabolism of glucose by cells and tissues within the body. Insulin is a hormone produced by the body that regulates glucose metabolism. Diabetes can occur as a result of insufficient insulin production or poor insulin sensitivity. Diabetes type I typically involves abnormally low insulin production by beta cells in the pancreas. In contrast, diabetes type 2 is typically a result of poor insulin sensitivity by cells and tissues. In both cases, glucose accumulates within the bloodstream, causing high blood sugars.
Physical Effects
Immediate symptoms of high blood sugar often include excessive thirst and urination. In severe cases, ketoacidosis, otherwise known as diabetic coma, may occur. However, complications such as heart disease, kidney disease, blindness, and neuropathies are associated with chronic exposure over many years to elevated blood sugars. Ideal blood glucose levels in healthy individuals should range between 70 and 99 mg/dL prior to a meal or when significant time has passed since the last meal. Once a meal is consumed, normal blood sugar levels should be lower than 140 mg/dL when measured more than two hours after the meal.
Diabetes Treatment
Exercise increases the utilization and metabolism of glucose within the body by muscle cells. Unfortunately, many diabetics will require the use of oral prescription drugs or insulin therapy to control their blood sugar. Patients with concerns regarding diabetes and the appropriate treatment options should speak with a physician.
