Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and the intestines that occurs as a result of ingesting food or water that is contaminated with an infectious virus. According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, viral gastroenteritis is the second most common illness in the United States. Although viral gastroenteritis is commonly referred to as the stomach flu, it is not actually caused by the influenza virus.
Causes
In many cases of viral gastroenteritis, the infection is passed through the fecal-oral route, meaning that the virus travels to food after the person handling it fails to wash hands thoroughly after using the bathroom. This is especially common with foods that are consumed raw, such as salads, because the virus is not exposed to the heat of cooking. The most common viruses responsible for viral gastroenteritis include rotavirus and noroviruses, which include many different viral strains.
Symptoms
The time of onset for symptoms differs based on the specific virus that causes the infection, although symptoms generally begin within one to three days of consuming contaminated food or water. Common symptoms of viral gastroenteritis include watery diarrhea, severe abdominal cramps and pain, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, headache and low grade fever. Symptoms usually last for one to two days, although they can persist for up to 10.
Treatment
Because viral gastroenteritis is a viral infection, antibiotics are ineffective. The goal of treatment is to replace water and electrolytes lost during diarrhea and vomiting to prevent dehydration. Drink 2 oz. to 4 oz. of fluid every 30 to 60 minutes. Adults and older children can drink sports drinks or water and younger children should be given water or electrolyte solutions made specifically for children.
It is also important to eat if possible. Consume foods that are easy on the stomach and won't worsen nausea, such as cereals, breads, crackers, yogurt, bananas and vegetables.
Prevention
One of the best ways to prevent viral gastroenteritis is to wash your hands regularly and thoroughly, especially before eating. Always carry hand sanitizer with you in case you do not have access to soap and water before a meal. Avoid sharing utensils, plates and glasses, since the virus can travel from person to person this way. If you consume raw foods, such as vegetables and fruits, make sure to wash the produce thoroughly prior to eating. Asking for meat well-done and avoiding undercooked fish can also help reduce the risk of contracting viral gastroenteritis.
