Gout is caused by increased uric acid in the blood which is formed when purines are broken down by the body. Typically, uric acid is broken down further in the blood and is excreted by the kidneys. Hyperuricemia, or high uric acid levels, result when the kidneys cannot process the uric acid fast enough. Prolonged hyperuricemia can lead to gout. Sharp needlelike precipitates form from the high uric acid content in the blood and leak out of the blood vessels and lodge in the cartilage around the joint spaces. The great toe is the typical site. Warmth, redness, nocturnal swelling and pain are the symptoms of gout. Dietary changes can reduce uric acid production.
High Purine Foods
High purine foods can lead to hyperuricemia and gout. Anchovies herring, mackerel, sardines, scallops, mussels, game and organ meats such as liver, hearts and kidneys are high purine foods. Bullion, broth, consommé, gravy and mincemeat are also high in purine content and known to cause a gout attack.
Medium Purine Foods
While less likely to cause a gout attack, medium purine producers contribute to hyperuricemia. Foods such as asparagus, beef, lamb, pork, dried peas and lentils, spinach, oats and wholegrain breads are medium purine producers. Use these foods sparingly if you are prone to gout.
High Fat Foods
Gout suffers are also generally at an increased risk of heart disease. Foods such as sausage are high in cholesterol as well as purines. Avoid high fat foods that increase cholesterol because they contribute to the uric acid load and are precursors to developing atherosclerotic plaques.
Alcohol
Beer consumption will increase the likelihood of gout. Hard liquor will also increase uric acid. Among alcoholic drinks, wine has the least amount of purines in it. In general, avoid alcohol if you are prone to gout attacks. Drinking 2 to 4 liters of water daily may help flush out uric acid.
Low Purine Foods
The lowest purine foods are various nuts, fruits and vegetables. Eggs, breads and cereals, pasta, skim milk, low fat cheeses, yogurt, most fruits and vegetables are all low purine foods. Eating more of these foods can help to control gout symptoms as well as provide a healthy diet.
