Diabetes is a general term used to refer to a group of diseases that interfere with the body's utilization of glucose, or blood sugar. Although the physiology of the different types of diabetes differs, all types of diabetes result in high blood sugar if not properly managed. A good nutrition plan is important to keep your blood sugar levels steady and prevent complications.
Types of Diabetes
Diabetes is classified into two major types -- type 1 and type 2. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly attacks the cells in the pancreas that are responsible for producing insulin. As a result, the pancreas produces inadequate amounts of insulin or no insulin at all. Without insulin, your cells cannot use glucose for energy, and instead the sugar remains in your blood.
In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but your cells are resistant to its actions. As a result, blood glucose levels rise, which triggers the pancreas to produce more insulin. People with type 2 diabetes usually have high levels of both insulin and glucose in their blood.
Balanced Diet
There is no specific diet plan for diabetics. The goal of a diabetic diet is to eat a variety of healthy foods that help control your weight as well as your blood sugar levels. A diabetic diet consists of a balance of fruits, vegetables and whole grains (such as oats, whole wheat bread and brown rice) with a small amount of low-fat dairy and lean protein. Sugary foods and desserts are limited, although you are permitted to indulge once in a while. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, for most people with diabetes, the diet consists of 40 to 60 percent carbohydrates, 20 percent protein and no more than 30 percent fat.
Carbohydrate Counting
Because carbohydrates contain glucose, they have the most significant effect on blood sugar levels. A diabetic tool called carbohydrate counting can help control the amount of carbohydrate in the diet and help prevent rapid increases and decreases in blood sugar levels. Carbohydrate counting involves determining how many carbohydrates you should eat during the course of the day and then dividing those carbohydrates evenly throughout your meals and snacks. The specific amount of carbohydrates differs between individuals, although the American Heart Association recommends most diabetics begin with 45 to 60 g of carbohydrates per day and then adjust amounts based on how the body reacts.
Considerations
In addition to following the proper nutrition plan, type 1 diabetics must undergo insulin therapy to survive. Some type 2 diabetics may also need insulin therapy, although it is not required for all people with type 2 diabetes. Administration of insulin must be planned appropriately so it coordinates with your nutrition plan and eating times. If you administer too much insulin or do not eat enough after administration, levels of blood glucose can become dangerously low. If you do not administer enough insulin or eat too much, high blood glucose, or hyperglycemia, can result.
Member Comments