Colorectal cancer, often called bowel cancer, affects the large intestine and/or the rectum. The colon and the rectum are parts of the digestive system. Because of this, bowel cancer can also affect a person's nutritional status. Nutrition can also play a key role in preventing bowel cancer.
Bowel Surgery
Surgery is a often used to treat early-stage bowel cancers. Depending on the type of surgery and the location of the cancer, you may need a colostomy after surgery. A colostomy is an opening in the abdomen through which the end of the colon is brought, forming a stoma, or an opening. With a colostomy, waste is excreted through the stoma into a bag, rather than through the rectum. When you are able to start eating again following surgery, chew foods thoroughly to avoid blocking your stoma. It may also be helpful to keep a food diary. Certain foods may cause more gas, stool odors or diarrhea. If a certain food seems to cause problems, wait a few weeks before eating that food, then try it again.
Diarrhea
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are often used to treat bowel cancer, and the National Cancer Institute notes that diarrhea is a common side effect. A low-fiber diet can help control diarrhea. Limit high-fiber foods, such as raw fruits, vegetables and whole grain products. Also, avoid foods that are high in fat, that are spicy or overly sweet; these foods can make diarrhea worse. Drink small amounts of clear liquids, such as water, apple juice and sports drinks, frequently throughout the day to avoid dehydration. Try eating small amounts of foods that are easy to digest, such as bananas, rice, applesauce and toast.
Weight Loss
Cancer can cause weight loss, and weight loss is also a common side effect of cancer treatments. To maintain your body weight, the American Cancer Society recommends eating six to eight small meals and snacks throughout the day. Keep appealing foods on hand, and try to have meals with friends and family whenever possible to make eating more enjoyable. If your appetite is poor, drinking may be more appealing than eating. Canned high-protein, high-calorie nutrition shakes are a good way to get quality nutrition.
Prevention
There are several diet-related factors that can decrease the risk of bowel cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, a diet that is low in processed meats and red meats, and high in fruits, vegetables and fiber can lower your risk of bowel cancer. In addition, obesity increases the risk of colon cancer. Diet and exercise can help you achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. Some research suggests that certain vitamins and minerals may decrease the risk of bowel cancer. However, additional research needs to be done, and it is important to always discuss any nutritional supplement with your doctor.
