Millions of diabetics require the use of prescription medications to treat elevated blood sugars. Some of these medications work by increasing the insulin sensitivity of muscle and tissue cells. Drugs that increase insulin sensitivity may help to reduce the dose of subcutaneous insulin required or help the patient to avoid the need for insulin therapy altogether. In addition to prescription drugs, lifestyle modifications can also improve insulin sensitivity.
Insulin and Diabetes
Insulin is produced endogenously by our pancreas in response to rising blood glucose levels. In response to insulin hormone, muscle and tissue cells absorb glucose for use as energy. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that results in impaired utilization of glucose by cells and tissues. Type I diabetics typically are unable to produce sufficient amounts of insulin and often require the use of subcutaneous insulin injections. In contrast, type 2 diabetics typically have poor insulin sensitivity and often require the use of medications that help to increase insulin sensitivity. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetics can require the use of insulin therapy and/or oral medications to regulate blood glucose.
Metformin
Classified as a biguanide, metformin helps to lower blood glucose by improving insulin sensitivity according to the product package insert. Metformin is commonly prescribed due to its low cost and generic availability. Although relatively safe, metformin can cause serious side effects including hypoglycemia, a condition of excessively low blood sugar. In addition, metformin should be used with caution and may need to be avoided in patients with poor renal function.
Thiazolidinediones
Both rosiglitazone and pioglitazone belong to a drug class known as thiazolidinediones, also often referred to as glitazones. These drugs also work by improving insulin sensitivity by muscle and tissue cells. Unfortunately, glitazones drugs are associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiac events including heart attack and heart failure. In addition, glitazone therapy also has risks associated with hypoglycemia. Glitazone therapy should only be used after risks versus benefits have been thoroughly discussed with a physician.
Non-Pharmacological Methods of Increasing Insulin Sensitivity
In addition to prescription medications, lifestyle modifications are a natural means of improving insulin sensitivity. Both exercise and weight loss have been shown to improve the bodies response to insulin and promote the peripheral utilization of glucose. Patients with concerns regarding insulin or diabetic medications should speak with a physician.
