The rapidly spreading obesity epidemic has put the problem of high cholesterol in the limelight. Unfortunately, many young children and adults suffer from high cholesterol in America. Understanding exactly what cholesterol is and how to keep yours at a healthy level is essential to maintaining long-term health.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol, a fat produced by the liver that is an essential component to proper biological function of the body, is transported through the bloodstream within a molecule known as a lipoprotein. There are three types of lipoproteins in the human body: very low density (VLDL,) low density (LDL) and high density (HDL). Each of these molecules contributes to the amount of cholesterol distributed and deposited into various cells in the body. LDL is most commonly known as "bad" cholesterol, HDL is known as "good" cholesterol and VLDL, which is rarely discussed, is better represented by triglyceride counts. (reference 2, 3)
Cholesterol Levels
Your total cholesterol level (the amount of VLD, LDL and HDL in your bloodstream) can be learned through a blood test. A desirable number is anything less than 200 mg/dL; a level between 200-240 mg/dL is borderline high risk and a level above 240 mg/dL is high risk. While your total cholesterol number is important, it does not tell the full story. Your LDL level should be no greater than 100 mg/dL, while your HDL level should hover around 60 mg/dL. Your doctor may also check the level of your triglycerides--harmful fats that can clog arteries and contribute to heart disease; anything over 150 mg/dL is risky. (reference 2, 3)
High Cholesterol
Genetics and lifestyle play significant roles in your cholesterol level. High cholesterol is an early indicator of risk for heart disease and may contribute to other cardiovascular complications like clogged arteries, heart attack and stroke. Alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity and a poor diet all contribute to high cholesterol. If you have a genetic predisposition to high cholesterol, you should monitor your cholesterol levels and work closely with your doctor to ensure your levels stay as close to normal as possible. (reference 1, 2, 3)
Managing Cholesterol Levels
Managing your cholesterol levels takes some effort, but for the most part, it is very much within your control. Physical activity has been proven to raise HDL levels, while a diet low in saturated fats can keep your LDL and triglyceride levels in check. If you have been diagnosed with high cholesterol or are at risk, talk to your doctor about your diet and exercise plan to ensure your long-term health. (references 2, 3)
