Your body naturally produces glucosamine, a substance that plays a role in building cartilage, which is the connective tissue that cushions your joints. Glucosamine is also available in supplement form, which is usually made from a substance called chitin, which is found in the hard outer shell of crabs, shrimp and lobster. Glucosamine supplements are generally used to treat osteoarthritis and reduce joint pain associated with the condition.
Evidence
According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, several studies have reported that glucosamine supplementation can help reduce the pain associated with osteoarthritis, improve hip and knee joint function and reduce joint swelling and stiffness. These positive effects generally remain for up to three months after glucosamine supplementation is stopped.
However, according to the Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial, or GAIT, the largest long-term study on glucosamine, supplementation with glucosamine provided the same results as a placebo and did not have a significant effect on pain reduction or loss of cartilage.
Dosage
Although specific dosage may differ, the University of Maryland Medical Center provides general dosage recommendations for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Adults should take 500 mg of glucosamine sulfate or glucosamine hydrochloride three times per day or 1,500 mg once per day. Treatment generally continues for a period of 30 to 90 days. The safety of glucosamine for children has not been studied, and the supplement should not be given to them. Pregnant and nursing women should not take glucosamine supplements.
Warnings
Glucosamine supplements may contain high amounts of sodium and potassium. Those on restricted diets or taking a potassium-sparing diuretic should check labels carefully and avoid supplements that contain these minerals. Glucosamine may also decrease the effectiveness of the hormone insulin, so diabetics should use the supplement with caution and check blood sugar levels regularly. If you have peptic ulcers, always take glucosamine supplements with food to avoid worsening your condition.
Considerations
Because glucosamine supplements are usually made from chitin, which comes from shellfish, you should not take certain glucosamine supplements if you are allergic to shellfish. Some supplements are made from substances other than chitin, but be sure to read labels carefully before choosing a supplement.
Dietary supplements are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. Always consult your doctor before beginning any supplementation. Glucosamine supplements should not be used in place of proper medical care.
