Irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, affects the large intestine and is a common problem, according to MayoClinic.com. IBS causes bloating, abdominal cramps, gas, diarrhea and constipation. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, approximately 20 percent of the population has IBS. IBS does not cause inflammatory changes to the interior wall of the colon, nor does it cause cancer. Many people control their IBS symptoms with dietary changes.
Problem Foods
Many people have IBS symptoms when they eat specific foods. Chocolate, alcohol, caffeine and dairy products can cause bloating, gas, constipation and/or diarrhea. Fruits and vegetables may also cause symptoms. There is some speculation that food allergies may play a role in IBS, according to MayoClinic.com. Other known causes include stress, hormonal changes or illnesses. It is important to keep a food journal to determine what foods cause you problems.
Fiber
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, adding fiber to the diet can help improve symptoms. Whole grain breads, cereals, fruits and vegetables are good sources of fiber and can help with constipation. High-fiber diets help keep the colon slightly distended, which may help prevent spasms. Some people cannot tolerate the extra fruit and vegetables and use products that contain psyllium, such as Metamucil. By keeping water in the stool, fiber helps relieve constipation. The Institute recommends increasing fiber by 2 to 3 g a day to prevent excessive gas and bloating.
Dairy
Some people with IBS are lactose intolerant, and this creates more cramping. If dairy seems to cause symptoms, eating yogurt may be the answer. Yogurt contains bacteria that supply the enzyme needed to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk products. It is important to find alternative sources of calcium, protein and B vitamins if you need to avoid dairy products completely.
Beverages
Alcohol, carbonated beverages and drinks with caffeine create symptoms for many people with IBS. These drinks should be limited as they stimulate the colon and can make diarrhea worse, according to MayoClinic.com. It is important to get six to eight glasses of water daily, particularly if you suffer from constipation.
Other Foods to Avoid
Culprits that commonly create gas and bloating include fatty foods and chocolate. Sugar-free sweeteners such sorbitol and mannitol can also cause gas and bloating. These types of sweeteners are found in sugar-free gum and in diet drinks.
