A metatarsal stress fracture is small or incomplete break in one of the bones in your feet -- the long bones that connect to your toes. According to Emory Health Care, metatarsal stress fractures most commonly occur in the second metatarsal. Stress fractures are a common overuse injury and the second most common injury seen in athletes. Rest is often the prescribed method of treatment for a stress fracture. Swimming may be an acceptable form of exercise.
Symptoms
A metatarsal stress fracture is the result of repetitive wear and tear on your metatarsal bones. The symptoms of a stress fracture tend to increase as you participate in physical activity and subside with rest. Aches, pain, tenderness, swelling and weakness are signs of a metatarsal stress fracture. You may also have difficulty bearing weight on your affected foot.
Causes
Stress fractures are often seen with an increase in training duration and intensity. Repetitive pounding motions on the foot -- including running -- can also cause a stress fracture. Poor physical conditioning, running on hard surfaces, bio-mechanical abnormalities and osteoporosis place you at a higher risk for stress fractures. Women and those who have previously had a metatarsal stress fracture are at a higher risk.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A stress fracture is diagnosed with a physical examination and imaging studies. An MRI is often used to detect a stress fracture. This is because x-rays rarely show an early stress fracture. Treatment includes resting from the activity that caused your fracture. Wearing shoes with a stiff sole is also recommended by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. A cast or a removable walking boot may also be used. Your doctor may encourage the use of crutches to promote healing. Surgery is rarely required.
Cross Training
According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, it normally takes six to eight weeks for a stress fracture to heal. During this time, talk to your doctor about the possibility of cross training. Your doctor may permit participation in exercise that does not involve your foot or ankle. Cross training can help keep you in shape while allowing your foot to rest. Examples of cross training include swimming and cycling.
Swimming
Swimming is a low-impact form of cardiovascular exercise. Swimming provides you with the benefits of a complete cardiovascular workout without placing any stress on your lower extremities -- including your metatarsal bones. The buoyancy of water can also help to ease the pain of your stress fracture. The resistance of water makes it possible for you to perform exercises that would be painful on land. To maintain your endurance, participate in swimming for 30 minutes at a time, five days per week. Remember, swimming cannot cause or worsen a metatarsal stress fracture.
