Liver disease requires a special diet plan to protect and keep the liver as healthy as possible. There are different types of liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatitis. Liver disease affects people of all ages, but particularly those between 40 and 60 years of age, according to National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Minorities and those who have poor economic status are also more at risk for developing the disease. Modifying your diet can improve outcomes and reduce complications.
Liver Disease and Nutrition
The liver is responsible for many complex and essential functions in the body. One important function of the liver is to refine and detoxify the foods you eat including the metabolism of dietary protein. In liver disease, waste products can build up in the blood, as proteins cannot be properly metabolized. For this reason, a diet lower in protein and higher in fat and carbohydrate is useful for preserving liver function and preventing waste build-up. To prevent swelling that can occur in severe liver disease, eat a diet low in sodium so that your body does not retain as much fluid.
Malnutrition in Liver Disease
Malnutrition is common in liver disease and can result from inadequate nutrient intake. In many types of liver disease, daily calorie needs are increased. Additionally, poor appetite, nausea and vomiting may prevent you from consuming enough food. If you are unable to eat adequately, your doctor may recommend a high-calorie nutritional supplement to provide essential nutrients and prevent weight loss.
Liver Disease Diet
Liver disease requires a diet modified in carbohydrate, protein, fat and possibly sodium. In general, eat a diet high in carbohydrate, moderate in fat and low in protein. Specifically, you need to consume about 0.45 grams of protein per pound of body weight to ensure that you receive enough protein and prevent malnutrition. However, for severe liver disease, protein may need to be restricted further. Protein is found in many food sources such as meat, eggs, yogurt, milk, cheese, grains and vegetables. If you are retaining water, your doctor may recommend reducing sodium to 1 to 2 g daily. You may also need to take a vitamin supplement that includes B vitamins.
Considerations
Since diet recommendations can vary depending on the type of liver disease and complications you many have, it is important to consult your doctor and a registered dietitian to develop an eating plan. These qualified health professionals will take into consideration your current medical status, medications, medical history and nutritional needs to design a diet that is right for you.
References
- National Institutes of Health; Diet - Liver Disease: April 2009
- National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Action Plan for Liver Disease Research -- Introduction: June 2009
- "Nutrition and Diagnosis Related Care"; Silvia Escott-Stump; 2008
