Bursitis causes pain, inflammation and swelling in the joints -- particularly those of the hip, shoulder, knee or elbow. The condition occurs when the bursa, the sac that protects and cushions the joint, becomes inflamed. It is often caused by repetitive movements of the joint, but in some cases, bacteria may invade the area and cause an infection, resulting in similar symptoms. There are several different options for managing the pain and swelling of bursitis.
Rehabilitation
If you develop bursitis due to repetitive activities of your affected joints, you may need to modify your environment to reduce the incidence of developing the condition again. Rest your affected joints and elevate the area if possible. Avoid performing activities that increase pain or produce direct pressure on the area, which can further aggravate bursitis. Resume your normal activities slowly, offering yourself plenty of time to rest, and avoid activities that cause pain to the area.
Medications
Some medications are helpful in the treatment of bursitis; they may be available over the counter or prescribed by your physician. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, commonly called NSAIDs, are those such as ibuprofen or naproxen that are available in drug stores. These types of medications help with the pain of bursitis and reduce swelling and inflammation at the site. If your bursitis is not improving through the use of these medicines, your physician may order these drugs at prescription strength levels. Infectious bursitis requires treatment with antibiotics to kill the bacteria that have invaded the bursa.
Treatment
Treatment of bursitis is aimed at reducing pain and inflammation. When oral medications are unable to reduce pain and swelling, your physician may inject a solution of corticosteroids directly into the affected joint. In cases of severe swelling, aspiration of excess fluid may be necessary by placing a needle or a drain into the joint. Bursitis that is still not managed through these types of treatments may require surgical removal of the bursa.
Physical Therapy
Your physical therapist may have several types of treatments that will ease some of the pain of bursitis. Ice packs are often applied to the site and kept in place for approximately 15 to 20 minutes for pain relief. The cold from the ice pack also reduces swelling to the area, which can promote increased tenderness. Physical therapists may also use range of motion exercises to reduce stiffness. These exercises move your body through the normal positions in which you would typically use the affected joint. You may also learn how to do the exercises at home to practice on a daily basis.
