Folate, or vitamin B-9, has been linked to the possibility of decreasing the risk of Alzheimer's disease or the slowing down of the progression of the disease. Research has shown that decreased levels of folate create higher levels of homocysteine in the body. Homocysteine, an amino acid, can cause DNA damage to nerve cells in the brain at increased levels.
Role of Folate in the Body
Folate is found naturally in the body and in some food sources. Folic acid, or folate, is a more stable synthetic form that is often added to supplements and food. This vitamin has one primary responsibility; to assist in the metabolism of amino acids and nucleic acids, which are crucial to cellular functions in the body. Subsequently, the Food and Drug Administration passed a regulation in 1996 requiring folic acid to be added to all pastas, rice, cereals, and other grains. More details can be found on the National Institutes of Health link in the Resources section.
Folate and Alzheimer's Disease
The influence of folate on Alzheimer's disease continues to be debated. Studies have shown decreased levels of folate in patients with impaired cognition such as Alzheimer's disease. Other studies have shown increased levels of folate in these patients. A stronger observation is that increased levels of homocysteine appear to double the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. This supports recommendations to increase folate supplementation.
Latest Research Results
A 2010 study from Oxford University reported that ingestion of the three B vitamins known to decrease homocysteine levels slowed the rate of brain shrinkage. These B vitamins, B-6, folate, and B-12, were taken at doses higher than normal daily recommendations. The criticisms of the study are the small population and that the patients were not given cognitive tests. Brain shrinkage was measured using magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI. In contrast, a 2008 study published in the "Journal of the American Medical Association" found no difference in cognition in similar patients regardless of supplementation with the B vitamins.
Conclusion
Until there are larger clinical studies that show more absolute results, folate and other B vitamins should not be taken as a substitute for medication for any form of dementia, cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease, according to the authors of the JAMA study. In addition, communicate all vitamin intake with your health-care professional before starting.
