Almost everyone who lifts weights experiences minor pain at some point, but pain that continues after the workout can be cause for concern. Most pain results from overexertion or from using muscles not normally used and will eventually go away. Pain accompanied by other symptoms, such as swelling or redness, could signal an injury. Pain that lasts more than 72 hours, is extreme or accompanies other symptoms should be treated by a doctor.
Causes
Pain from lifting weights may occur for several reasons. Micro-tears in muscle tissue is the most common reason for weightlifting pain, but the pain could also come from tears in the tissue, overstretching or muscle spasms, according to the Columbia University Health Center. Lactic acid, which builds up when muscles are strained, was once thought to be a contributing factor, but it has been shown that it is gone by the time pain or soreness sets in.
DOMS
A common syndrome that occurs with beginning weightlifters or those who do workouts they don't normally do is delayed-onset muscle soreness, or DOMS. DOMS sets in 24 to 48 hours after the workout. The pain typically disappears in 72 hours, although some symptoms might take longer to clear. The symptoms of DOMS can include muscle tenderness, loss of strength, pain, stiffness or swelling. University of New Mexico researchers Johndavid Maes and Len Kravitz point out that eccentric exercises, which involve lengthening the muscles as when lowering a weight, are associated with DOMS. Concentric exercises, which contract the muscle, don't seem to contribute as much to DOMS. Unlike with muscle pain caused by injury, continuing to work out with DOMS will not cause more damage to the muscle.
Treatment
Treatment for DOMS can include taking ibuprofen or acetaminophen, as well as massage or soaking in a hot tub. Pain-relief creams can offer temporary relief from symptoms. If you suspect an injury, consult a doctor, but first follow the RICE protocol at home. Rest the injured area, ice it, compress it with a bandage or towel and elevate it. This will let the healing process begin. Although most pain is caused by DOMS or injury, muscle pain can be a side effect of medication or can indicate another underlying problem, such as fibromyalgia. If the pain accompanies other symptoms, such as fever, joint pain or fatigue, or if you are taking prescription medication, consult a physician.
Prevention
Stretching before and after exercise will help keep the muscles limber and flexible and possibly help to avoid injury. If you are just beginning a weightlifting program, begin slowly and only lift weights that you can lift for eight to 12 repetitions at a time. Drink plenty of water before, during and after exercise to avoid dehydration. Lift the weights smoothly and slowly, avoiding rapid or jerky injuries than can lead to injury. A warmup period that includes exercise to bring up the body temperature can also help avoid muscle soreness.
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