Individuals with PKU, genetic disorder, cannot process phenylalanine, a certain type of protein found in animal products and other high protein foods. If a child with PKU eats too many high protein foods, she increases her risk of having depression symptoms and brain damage. If older children and adults with PKU eat too much phenylalanine, they can develop learning disabilities or have behavior changes. Low protein foods are safest for people with PKU.
Phenylalanine
Twenty amino acids comprise protein, which is the building block for muscle, skin and organs. Phenylalanine is one of 10 amino acids that humans cannot produce, but naturally occurs in animal products and other high protein foods. If you have PKU, your body cannot properly break down and use phenylalanine. When you consume foods with phenylalanine, the amino acid builds up in your body and can cause brain damage.
Foods High in Phenylalanine
Foods high in phenylalanine include all animal products, such as milk, cheese, eggs, meat, fish and chicken. Non-meat foods high in phenylalanine which should be avoided include peas, chocolate, beans, nuts and soybeans. Some adults with PKU can have limited amounts of other foods that contain protein, such as wheat-based pasta and bread, but you should only eat these foods if they do not increase your phenylalanine to dangerous levels.
Low Protein Foods
Individuals with PKU must choose low protein foods. Your doctor may recommend a low-phenylalanine formula that provides other amino acids. Look for low-protein bread, cheese and pasta. You can eat a variety of low-protein fruits and vegetables such as peaches, apples, green beans, iceberg lettuce, sweet potatoes, eggplant, mushrooms and tomatoes. Corn flakes and puffed rice cereal served with non-dairy creamer are appropriate for a low-protein breakfast.
Precautions
The artificial sweetener aspartame is high in phenylalanine. Read the labels of prepared and packaged foods carefully and avoid products that contain aspartame. Certain medications are chemically similar to phenylalanine, so remember to check with your doctor and pharmacist about new prescriptions. Work with your doctor and nutritionist to monitor your phenylalanine levels and adjust your diet to maximize your health.
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