Injuries to the cartilage can occur in the knees, shoulders, ribs, hips and other joints in the body, and are typically identified by the "pop" you hear when the tear occurs. Cartilage tears can be painful, but do not always lead to surgery. A MRI will tell you if your cartilage tear will need surgical repair or nonsurgical treatment.
Types of Tears
Cartilage tears can vary in type, including longitudinal, transverse, flap and mixed. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons states that tears are noted by the location and by how the tears look. The type of tear will play a role in determining if surgery is required. Howard Luks, MD, states that cartilage tears with a loose piece inside the joint typically require surgery. Common signs of a tear are swelling, pain, locking and weakness.
Nonsurgical Rehabilitation
The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons notes that small tears on the outer edge of the cartilage typically do not require surgery. Nonsurgical treatment starts with the R.I.C.E. principles. R.I.C.E. stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Take a break from the activity that caused the injury, as well as other strenuous activities. You may even use crutches to avoid putting weight on the injured area. Ice it several times a day for 20 minutes each time. Wear an elastic bandage around the injured area and elevate the area higher than your heart to prevent additional swelling. Anti-inflammatory medicines, like ibuprofen, may also be used to control pain and swelling. Physical therapy may be beneficial in restoring full strength and range of motion in the joint. Resume normal activities slowly to avoid re-aggravating the injury.
Surgical Rehabilitation
Arthroscopic surgery, inserting a small camera inside the injured area to repair the tear with small surgical instruments, is used to repair cartilage tears. The Center for Orthopedics and Sports Medicine reports that the average patient is able to walk without crutches within 48 hours of the surgery. Active rehabilitation typically lasts for six weeks post-op. The Cleveland Clinic identifies three phases of physical therapy following arthroscopy. Phase 1 consists of balance exercises and isometric strengthening exercises, such as quad sets. Phase 2 helps to regain full range-of-motion and strength, incorporating unloaded movements like a leg extension. Phase 3 ensures that you are ready to return to normal activities and includes simulated exercises.
Things to Remember
Trying to get back to normal activities too quickly after torn cartilage can lead to re-injury of the cartilage or injury to another area of the body. After an injury, the area and surrounding muscles are significantly weakened. You must make sure to gain back sufficient strength and range-of-motion to avoid re-injury.
