Stress fractures are small cracks in a bone that typically develop in response to overuse, when the muscles become too tired to lessen impact shock on the bone. Although bicycle riding is less likely to cause foot stress fractures than high-impact sports such as tennis and basketball, they do occur and can interfere significantly with cycling and other activities.
Symptoms
Because stress fractures are generally tiny, symptoms may be subtle and begin gradually. Pain is usually mild when you're at rest and becomes more severe with activity, especially weight-bearing activity. You may also notice bruising and swelling on top of your foot or on the affected ankle. The area may or may not be tender to the touch.
Causes
Stress fractures from cycling may occur any time you increase the frequency of your cycling sessions or the amount of time you spend on your bike. Beginning a new route that takes you uphill may cause your muscles to overtire, putting you at risk for a stress fracture. Once your muscles fatigue and can no longer absorb shock, such as when your foot hits the ground or presses down against your bike pedals, they transfer the impact stress to the bones in your feet. If you suffer from osteoporosis or another bone disease, your risk of developing a bicycle foot stress fracture is even greater, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Treatment
The primary treatment for a foot stress fracture is rest. This may mean suspending any training and canceling any races for up to three months, according to the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York. Applying ice to the affected area and taking an over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication can help with pain and swelling. Elevating your foot above your heart is also beneficial. Your doctor may recommend protective footwear to reduce bone stress. If healing does not happen as anticipated, a cast may be required.
Prevention
Eating a diet high in vitamin D and calcium, using proper sports gear and gradually -- rather than suddenly -- increasing the time you spend cycling can help you avoid foot stress fractures, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Because aging-related bone loss makes you more susceptible to bone cracks, strength training is essential to maintain bone density.
