According to the National Stroke Association, someone in the United States suffers from a stroke every 45 seconds, making it one of the leading causes of adult disability. Fortunately, your diet, which you can control, is one of the major risk factors of a stroke. Proper nutrition is not only important to reduce your risk of experiencing a transient ischemic attack or stroke, but it is also a vital component of your treatment plan and healing process if you experience a TIA or stroke.
TIA vs. Stroke
A transient ischemic attack, or TIA, is often described as a mini-stroke. A TIA mimics the symptoms of a stroke, but, unlike a stroke, it does not cause any permanent damage. Of the people who experience a TIA, one in three will experience a stroke later in life.
Both TIAs and strokes involve a disruption in blood flow to the brain. The disruption is usually caused by a blood clot that blocks the flow of blood through the artery, although some strokes occur when an artery bursts, covering the brain in blood. Common symptoms include sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm or leg; confusion; difficulty speaking; vision problems; loss of balance; dizziness; and a sudden and severe headache.
Prevention
The proper diet can reduce your risk of high cholesterol, high triglycerides, high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity, which are all stroke risk factors. The Cleveland Clinic recommends a number of dietary changes you can make to reduce your risk of experiencing a TIA or stroke. An important change is to reduce your intake of fat, saturated fat and cholesterol. You should also limit your intake of salt and added sugar, which contribute to high blood pressure and obesity. Most of your calories should come from whole grains, fruits and vegetables, with some lean protein as well. Choose a variety of different foods to ensure that you are getting all the vitamins and minerals you need.
Treatment
Proper nutrition is also important for those who have experienced a stroke. A stroke can interfere with your ability to swallow and chew and may make it difficult for you to feed yourself. Malnutrition can hinder the healing process, so it is important that you take steps to ensure that you are getting the right amount of calories and nutrients.
If you have difficulty swallowing, choose thick soups, which are easier to swallow. Eating moist foods, such as casseroles and foods that contain sauces, can also help make it easier for you to swallow. The Cleveland Clinic also recommends eating small meals frequently throughout the day and eating either well-chilled or warm foods, which go down easier. You should also make sure you are drinking at least 8 cups of water per day to prevent dehydration.
Considerations
Your specific diet plan for prevention or treatment of a stroke varies based on individual characteristics, such as age, sex and health status. If you are concerned about having a stroke or you have had a stroke and are unsure how to meet your nutritional needs, it may be beneficial to enlist the help of a dietitian, who can help you plan nutritionally adequate meals.
