Nutritional amblyopia is the loss of vision that occurs due to damage to the optic nerve. Although the condition is relatively rare in industrialized nations, it is common in impoverished individuals, such as prisoners of war, people affected by natural disasters, alcoholics and children from economically backward families. Malnutrition, especially the deficiency of B vitamins, is one of the most common causes of the condition. Alcohol and certain drugs may also increase the risk of nutritional amblyopia.
Symptoms
Nutritional amblyopia is characterized by gradual decrease in vision with difficulty in reading and recognizing faces, says Richard D. Semba, author of the book "Handbook of Nutrition and Ophthalmology" and professor of ophthalmology at the Wilmer Eye Institute in Baltimore. Both eyes are usually affected. Skin, mucosa, the digestive tract and the nervous system may also be affected in some cases, depending upon the nutrient that is deficient.
Diagnosis
Deficiency of one or more B vitamins such as thiamine, niacin, vitamin B-12 or folic acid commonly leads to nutritional amblyopia. The condition is diagnosed after careful evaluation of the patient's lifestyle and dietary habits. Blood tests may be done to evaluate the levels of B vitamins and other nutrients in the blood. Semba also states in his book that differentiating the condition from other similar disorders such as Leber optic neuropathy and toxic optic neuropathy is important for effective treatment.
Treatment
Treatment with appropriate vitamin supplements may help reverse the condition. A well-balanced diet consisting of fruits and vegetables may also benefit the patient. Avoiding drugs and alcohol is also necessary, notes The Merck Manuals Home Edition. Neuro-ophthalmologist Dr. Jane W. Chan, however, states in the book "Optic Nerve Disorders" that the treatment is effective only if the supplements are taken within six weeks of the initial onset of vision loss, and the chances of recovery are poor if the treatment is delayed.
Although vitamin B supplements are generally safe to use, it is important to remember that they can cause gastric disturbances and allergic reactions in some cases. Discuss these adverse reactions with a doctor before taking the supplements.
Prevention
A healthy diet plays a key role in preventing conditions such as nutritional amblyopia. Avoiding intoxicating drugs and alcohol may also benefit individuals prone to the condition. Also, remember to consult your doctor promptly when you notice any changes in vision as early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a good prognosis.
References
- "Optic Nerve Disorders: Diagnosis and Management"; Jane W. Chan; 2007
- The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library: Home Edition: Toxic Amblyopia (Nutritional Amblyopia)
- "Handbook of Nutrition and Ophthalmology"; Richard D. Semba; 2007
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