1. A Barium Enema is an X-ray
A barium enema is an x-ray of the colon. In order to view the inside of the colon it needs to be filled with a material containing barium. An enema is used to get the barium into the colon. There are two types of barium enemas. A single contrast study and a double contrast study. The difference is with the double contrast study the barium is drained from the colon only leaving a light layer than air is pumped into the colon. This allows for a clearer view of the colon.
2. It Can Detect Colon Cancer
Although it certainly can't be considered a fun way to spend the day, a barium enema is helpful in diagnosing several types of colon diseases. A main reason a barium enema is done is to check for colon cancer or polyps. It can also be helpful in diagnosing diseases which cause inflammation in the colon such as ulcerative colitis. Sacs on the wall of the intestine called diverticula can also be diagnosed through a barium enema.
3. Preparation is Not Pretty
The colon needs to be empty and free of stool for the test to work correctly. Your doctor will likely instruct you to stick to a diet of only clear liquids for one to two days prior to the procedure. The day before the test you will be given laxatives to take to clean out the colon. This takes several hours and results in many trips to the bathroom. Don't plan on going to work or doing much of anything that day.
4. What Happens During a Barium Enema?
The procedure itself while not painful may be slightly uncomfortable. You will be asked to lay on your side on the x-ray table. A tube is inserted into the anus and the barium is put into fill the colon. This may cause slight cramping but usually not significant pain. In a single contrast study you will need to hold the barium in for about fifteen minutes while the x-ray is taken. You will be asked to turn from side to side to allow different angles of the x-ray. After the test the tube is removed, you can go to the bathroom.
5. The Risks With a Barium Enema
A barium enema is considered a safe procedure however complications occasionally occur. The leftover barium can harden and cause constipation. Drink a lot of water after the procedure to reduce your chances of constipation developing. Although rare the most serious complication is a perforation of the bowel. This would need immediate medical attention. Warning signs to be aware of include a fever, severe abdominal pain and rectal bleeding.
