Anemia is a condition that is characterized by a low level of functioning red blood cells. Your doctor can help you determine the underlying cause of your anemia. Common causes include bleeding conditions, such as ulcers, pregnancy or growth spurts and a diet that is deficient in iron. The American Academy of Family Physicians notes that fad diets may result in anemia, so discuss your eating plan with a health care provider.
Causes
Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by insufficient iron in your diet. You may be at risk if you follow a diet plan that is low in protein, since this also eliminates many iron-rich foods. Dietary iron occurs in two forms, heme and non-heme iron. Heme iron in meat, poultry, and fish is well absorbed by your body but non-heme iron form plant sources is less well absorbed. Vegan diets only contain non-heme iron. If you do not consume animal products, consume more iron from non-heme foods in order to absorb sufficient amounts.
Foods
Lean red meat, liver, poultry and fish are high in heme iron. Plant foods that are high in iron include legume and beans and dark green, leafy vegetables such as spinach and broccoli. Iron-fortified cereals contain significant amounts of iron and are a good source for people who follow a vegetarian diet. Add a vitamin C source to a meal to increase non-heme iron absorption.
Supplements
Depending on the severity of your anemia and your ability to make dietary changes, your doctor may recommend iron supplements. Your doctor will monitor your red blood cell and hemoglobin levels during treatment. You can expect to see an increase within approximately two to three weeks of beginning iron supplementation. You may need to continue the supplements for several months to replace iron stores in your body and prevent a return of the condition.
Other Considerations
You may experience some of the common side effects of iron supplementation including constipation, nausea and stomach pain. It is important that you do not discontinue the supplements. Instead, work with your doctor to develop strategies for managing the side effects. You may be able to change the dose or brand of supplement or change the time of day that you take the pills. Extra water and fiber may help alleviate constipation.
