Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure that involves using an arthroscope, a tube-like viewing instrument, to either diagnose or treat the internal structure of a joint. During arthroscopic surgery, the arthroscope is inserted into the joint through a small incision in the skin. The tube contains optic fibers and lenses that are connected to a video camera that displays internal images of the joint to a television monitor. Arthroscopic surgery is performed by an orthopedic surgeon and is usually done as outpatient surgery.
Arthroscopy Diagnosis and Treatment
Arthroscopy is used to diagnose and treat different types of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is most commonly used to diagnose and treat knee joint injuries such as meniscus tears, ligament tears and cartilage deterioration under the kneecap. Another use of arthroscopy is to remove chips of bone or cartilage, as well as other foreign objects that can become lodged within the joint.
Arthroscopic Surgery Therapy
The incisions from arthroscopic surgery are small, 5 mm, and located on either side of the joint. The incisions are bandaged and should only be removed by a nurse or physician. Some seepage will occur, which is why it is essential that the incisions stay covered. The bandages should be kept dry during the first few days post surgery. Patients are ordered to rest and keep the knee elevated for several days. Ice packs should be applied to the knee to minimize pain and swelling.
Post Surgery Exercise
An exercise program is essential to the recovery process of arthroscopic surgery. Exercise is gradually started a few days after surgery to strengthen the muscles surrounding the joint, as well as to prevent scar tissue from developing in the surrounding soft tissues.
Initial Exercise Program
The initial exercise program is started a few days after arthroscopic knee surgery. It includes exercises such as hamstring contraction, quadriceps contraction, straight leg raises, buttock tuck and standing straight leg raises.
Intermediate Exercise Program
The intermediate exercise program begins at two to four weeks after arthroscopic knee surgery. It includes exercises such as terminal knee extensions, straight leg raises, partial squat with chair and standing quadriceps stretch.
Advanced Exercise Program
The advanced exercise program for arthroscopic knee surgery is begun at six to eight weeks after the initial surgery. The program includes exercises such as partial single-leg knee bend, forward step-ups, lateral step-ups, sitting terminal knee extensions, supine hamstring stretch, supine wall hamstring stretch, exercise bike, walking and running.
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