When you are pregnant, getting a cold can cause unwanted discomfort and stress. It can be difficult to wade through the myriad of cough syrup options at your local drugstore and determine which ones, if any, are safe and effective for use during pregnancy. The key to choosing a cough syrup, and to deciding which one you need, depends on the specific ingredients as well as how far along your pregnancy has progressed.
Cough Syrup
Cough syrup comes in many different types, all with different ingredients. The specific type of cough medicine matters when determining whether it is safe for use during pregnancy. Many cough medications include antihistamines to reduce inflammation, cough suppressants to stop coughing, expectorants to loosen mucus, decongestants to ease sinus congestion and pain relievers. Different formulations can have different combinations of these ingredients, so check labels before using any cough syrup to determine exactly what is in the bottle.
Specific Ingredients
Many antihistamines are safe for use during pregnancy, including loratadine, doxylamine and diphenhydramine. Dextromethorphan, a commonly used cough suppressant, is generally considered safe for pregnant mothers when used in moderation. The expectorant guaifenesin might increase the risk of ingiunal hernia in the developing baby, but studies on this effect have shown mixed results, with some research showing no added risks. The pain reliever acetaminophen has also been used safely by pregnant women, but some studies have shown an increase in miscarriage or fetal heart defects when using other pain relievers such as the NSAIDs ibuprofen and aspirin.
Timing
The specific trimester also matters when considering whether to use cough syrup during pregnancy. Medicines with pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine have been linked to birth defects when used within the first 13 weeks of pregnancy, but could be safe for occasional use after that point. The fetus is most vulnerable to the effects of all medication in the first trimester, since this is when the major organs develop, including the brain and heart.
Considerations
Before using any cough syrup during pregnancy, talk to your doctor about which product to use and how much is appropriate. Even if your doctor has approved the use of a particular product earlier in pregnancy or during a previous pregnancy, check to make sure that it is still ok during your current trimester. Consider using natural alternatives to cold relief. Inhaling steam and drinking plenty of water can loosen phlegm and ease sinus congestion and throat lozenges or tea containing honey can ease a sore throat.
