Autism spectrum disorders, often referred to as autism or autistic disorder, are a group of developmental disabilities that may be characterized by social, communication, and behavioral boundaries. Children with autism may exhibit language delays, impaired gross and fine motor skills, unwillingness to interact with peers, and unusual interests. Because severity of the condition varies significantly, the affecting symptoms may differ on a case by case basis. Regardless of the level of autism, however, physical therapy can play a vital role in helping a child improve both bodily and with social functioning.
Motor Skills
Many children with autism have limited gross and fine motor skills. They may have difficulty with walking properly, riding a bicycle, holding a fork, buttoning a shirt or tying shoe laces. Through early intervention and repetition, medical and educational professionals and family members can employ activities aimed at helping the child perfect everyday tasks such as grooming, feeding, and dressing. Even children with mild autism have been found to have difficulty writing letters. With occupational therapy, teachers and loved ones can help the child adapt by practicing alternative techniques, such as typing on a keyboard.
Sensory Integration
Autistic children with sensory deficits typically demonstrate either an increased or decreased sensitivity to touch, sound, and movement, among other elements. For instance, a hypersensitive child may avoid being touched and may have an exaggerated reaction to noise. Performed by a physical or occupational therapist, sensory integration therapy often incorporates full-body movement activities and sensory stimulation to improve how a child's brain processes sensory information and to enhance overall concentration, listening, comprehension, balance, coordination and even impulsivity control in some children.
Socialization
Autistic children often avoid physical contact and have trouble relating to peers and adults, so a secondary benefit of physical therapy may be facilitating socialization. Because physical therapy involves intervention by another person, the child is made to communicate with this person in order to accomplish a task. In some instances, a group setting may be employed, which allows autistic children to work toward a common goal. If they are able to relate to each other, it can result in the building of a personal relationship.
Considerations
Physical therapy can be especially helpful when employed in early childhood. Occupational interventions such as practicing dressing and grooming can help autistic children to better function in daily life and combat potential roadblocks to development. The element of working with another person during therapy can promote social thriving. Although some insurances may not cover a structured physical therapy program for a child with autism, educators and loved ones can implement similar interventions in both the home and school settings.
