The early years of a child's life are crucial for development and set the stage for the rest of her life. Nutrition is a major component in child development, and poor nutrition during the infancy and toddlerhood can lead to stunted growth, cognitive deficits, behavioral problems and social impairment. A rounded diet is important for health of your toddler, but specific precautions should be taken to avoid diet-related developmental problems.
Omega Fatty Acids
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids play a significant role in brain development of children. Omega-3s help form the membrane of brain cells and are needed to lay down new cells and repair old ones. Omega-3 fatty acids can be found in fish and seaweed. Sufficient omega fatty acids are provided to infants via breast milk, provided that the mother is not deficient; The diet of most Americans, however, is deficient in Omega-3s. Talk to your doctor about the omega-3 needs of your toddler as he transitions from breast milk to table foods.
Iron Consumption
Iron consumption also plays a role in brain development. According to a study published in the 2008 issue of "Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine," iron deficiency indefinitely impairs learning and motor development of infants and toddlers. Children who drink cow's milk before 12 months may be at risk for iron deficiency. Toddlers should drink fewer than 2 cups per day, says registered dietician Cindy Williams.
Obesity
Childhood obesity is an international epidemic. Weight gain happens when infants and toddlers eat more calories than they are expending. According to the Centers for Disease Control, obese children are at greater risk for bone and joint problems, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases and being obese later in life. Obesity may also result in behavioral and social problems because of poor self esteem. Obesity during infancy and toddlerhood can be prevented by following guidelines for calorie intake and portion control for your child's age, gender and size.
Considerations
Toddlers older than 12 months may begin transitioning to solid foods. Healthy options are important because the foods that children are fed during toddlerhood will influence their preferred foods for years to come. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains should be served instead of processed, sugary and fatty foods. Consult your child's physician for nutrition recommendations.
References
- "Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine"; J. M. Brotanek et al.; Secular Trends in Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Among Us Toddlers, 1976-2002; 2008
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Infants and Toddlers
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Docosahexanoic Acid
- "Psychology Today"; What is Good Brain Food?; Hara Estroff Marano; 2007
- Centers for Disease Control: Childhood Obesity
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh: Toddler Nutrition
