Following a myocardial infarction, or MI, a person is often recommended physical therapy. Therapy may help improve strength and endurance as well as reduce your chance of having another heart attack. A number of exercises and therapy are offered through physical therapy intervention that will help maintain or improve heart health for many patients.
Definition
Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, is most commonly caused by some form of heart or coronary artery disease such as plaque buildup caused by high cholesterol, atherosclerosis or a thrombosis, or blood clot. The most common area of damage to the heart muscle during a MI occurs in the wall of the left ventricle, resulting in areas of actual death or necrosis of heart muscle tissue, which may affect pumping and oxygenation function and efficacy of the heart.
Early Rehab
Studies have shown that large numbers -- nearly 50 percent -- of patients who engage in post-heart attack physical therapy may reduce their chances of experiencing another MI if they engage in physical therapy as soon as possible following a heart event. Your physical therapist starts you off slowly, perhaps walking with support in your room, or along a hospital hallway, to determine your personal levels for strength, endurance and stamina. You may also perform seated or stationary exercises to start, depending on your condition and the severity of your heart event.
Treadmill
Walking on a treadmill under the supervision of a physical therapist is often the first step toward reconditioning a patient following a heart attack. You'll gradually increase your pace, intensity and duration, depending on your specific condition and progress. Your heart rate and blood pressure will be monitored throughout your exercises to ensure safety.
Strength Training
Your physical therapist will most likely suggest weight or strength training during some phase of your cardiac rehabilitation program. Strength training starts with your own body weight, gradually increasing to use of light dumbbells, resistance bands or tubes and focuses on strengthening muscular fitness levels.
Aerobic Activity
Aerobic activity helps increase your overall cardiovascular health and fitness levels. Your physical therapist or doctor will guide you in the proper time to increase your activity levels to include aerobic activities beyond walking, such as jogging, rowing or bike riding, which will depend on the severity of your heart attack, your prognosis, overall physical condition and age, and your rehabilitation goals.
References
- "Journal of the American College of Cardiology"; Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction in the Community; Witt, Brandi, et.al., 2004
- University of Utah Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library: Myocardial Infarction
- Medical News Today; Rehab Improves Survival After Heart Attack by Over 50 Percent; Sept. 1, 2004
- MayoClinic.com; Cardiac Rehabilitation: What You Can Expect; Aug. 20, 2009
- American Heart Association: What Is Cardiac Rehab?
