Runners are at great risk of obtaining stress fractures due to the repeated stress of the foot striking the ground. A stress fracture can become a painful injury, leading to loss of athletic ability if treated incorrectly. Knowing the signs of a stress fracture and how to avoid it in the future can help you achieve your goals as an athlete.
Stress Fractures
Five metatarsal bones make up the top of your foot. Runners are susceptible to acquiring stress fractures of the foot, which usually results from a break or rupture in one or more of the metatarsal bones. These fractures usually result from strenuous exercise due to overuse. Women are at greater risk of developing them than men. A fracture of the first metatarsal bone is uncommon because it is the thickest bone that leads to the big toe. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, if you do break this metatarsal, it is more serious than any of the other metatarsal breaks due to the dramatic changes it requires in weight bearing and walking.
Prevention
A sudden increase in activity or intensity can lead to a stress fracture. Overuse of the foot deteriorates muscles, and absorption of shock no longer takes place. This puts the stress directly on the bones and leads to small cracks in the metatarsals. Changing the type of ground that you run on can cause a stress fracture, such as if you are use to running on pavement and you switch to running on sand. Only run when you are wearing shoes with adequate support. Always work slowly into your run by starting with stretching and jogging, and gradually increase your speed.
Symptoms
Signs of a stress fracture include gradual pain development that increases when you are running and diminishes when you are at rest. A more advanced stress fracture causes pain to occur during daily activity and does not diminish at rest. Another sign of stress fracture is swelling on the outside of the ankle or on the top of the foot. The site of the fracture will be tender when touched and it may have bruising.
Treatment
You should seek medical care if pain persists for more than three weeks. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, the chance of returning to your previous athletic level after a stress fracture diminishes if you wait longer than three weeks to seek treatment. Stress fractures usually heal themselves but surgery may be necessary if conservative measures fail. Your physician may recommend moderate exercise such as swimming or walking. Do not wear shoes with a heel or stiff soles. A compression wrap may make walking more comfortable and your health care provider may recommend a special wooden shoe.
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