Hyperextension of the knee is when the knee bends backwards to lock beyond a normal straightened position. It is common among ballet dancers. Some dancers are born with the condition while others may develop it. Many dancers do not experience problems from hyperextension of the knees, but those with and without the condition can develop injuries from hyperextension of the knees.
A Genetic Condition
Some people are born with hyperextension of the knees and it causes them no pain or problems with mobility. Increased flexibility of the joints is considered an asset in many sports that require increased ranges of movement, such as ballet. However, dancing with hyperextended knees can put you at risk for injury.
Injury
A forceful, and often sudden, hyperextension of the knee, such as the impact of a fall forcing the knee backwards beyond its normal locked position, can cause serious damage to someone with or without previously hyperextended knees. This type of hyperextension injury can damage ligaments and cartilage in your knee, causing pain and problems with mobility. Dancing on hyperextended knees that were either present at birth or slowly developed through the loosening of joints can also cause injury to the knees or other parts of the leg.
Injury Prevention
Ballet dancers should never land on a straight leg with a locked knee when jumping or leaping. Dancers with hyperextension of the knees should retrain themselves to stop their knee before it locks so that it stops in the straight position rather than backwards. The book "Dance Anatomy and Kinesiology" recommends that dancers focus on pulling their knees up rather than back and to use a mirror to see when the legs are straight, making a mental note of the feeling since dancers with hyperextended knees often don't feel as though their legs are straight until their knees are locked and backwards.
Treatment of Injury
Treatment for a hyperextended knee injury can range from rest to physical therapy to surgery, depending on the severity. If you are experiencing pain, swelling, instability or problems bending your knee, call your doctor.
