Omega-3 fatty acids, found primarily in fatty fish, are polyunsaturated fats extensively researched for health benefits in diseases such as Alzheimer's. Some research shows that omega-3 may positively influence brain function, helping to curb symptoms in Alzheimer's, though nothing is conclusive. Taking omega-3 fatty acids for Alzheimer's is considered an alternative treatment and as with any such therapy, you should discuss it with your doctor first.
About Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Essential foods are ones you have to eat because your body can't make its own. Omega-3 fatty acids are one such essential food, polyunsaturated fats you must consume through a diet and important for good health. Sources include fatty fish such as salmon, halibut, tuna and mackerel and, to a lesser extent, green, leafy vegetables like spinach and some nut oils. Omega-3 supplements in the form of fish oil are readily available. The two most important types of omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fish are EPA and DHA, both studied for their effects on the brain.
Alzheimer's Disease and Omega-3
Fish is often labeled "brain" food because omega-3's links to brain health. High levels of omega-3 are concentrated in the brain, as well. In Alzheimer's disease, a combination of genetics, lifestyle and the environment seem to cause the brain to develop harmful plaques and tangles. This degeneration contributes to the inability of brain neuron cells to communicate effectively, leading to symptoms such as memory loss, dementia and difficulty with daily tasks. Onset of the most common form of Alzheimer's begins usually after age 60. Research about omega-3's role in supporting brain health and reducing the risk for Alzheimer's, and treating its related dementia, is promising but inconclusive.
Research
According to study reviews conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, some studies have shown a link between decreased incidence of Alzheimer's disease and increased omega-3 fatty acid intake. Of those studies, only one study showed a significant link between reducing risk for Alzheimer's and intake of DHA. Another study showed that DHA intake may help improve dementia related to several conditions, including Alzheimer's. The AHRQ recommends more studies for more conclusive results.
Considerations
A 3 1/2 oz. serving of fish contains about 1 g of omega-3 fatty acids. Taking fish oil supplements is an alternative for those who don't like fish or don't consume enough. Concerns about mercury poisoning may prevent you from eating fish or taking fish oil supplements, but supplements are generally free of mercury contamination, notes MedlinePlus. If you choose to eat fish, avoid those more likely to contain mercury, such as shark and mackerel. Side effects for fish oil supplements include fishy aftertaste, burping, heartburn and nosebleed. Because omega-3 supplements can interact with some medications, check with your doctor before taking supplements.
References
- MedlinePlus; Fish Oil; February 2011
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cognitive Function with Aging, Dementia, and Neurological Diseases; C.H. MacLean, et al.; February 2005
- University of Maryland Medical Center; Omega-3 Fatty Acids; June 2009
- National Institute on Aging; Alzheimer's Disease; March 2010
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