Valerian root is used as an herbal remedy to combat insomnia and anxiety, among a few other conditions. It has a long history of use, going back to the ancient Greeks, and is considered relatively safe with short-term use. Side effects from long-term usage of valerian extract are unknown, but it is possible that liver toxicity could occur with large doses, especially in those who have preexisting liver conditions or who take medications or drink alcohol. Consult a health care professional before you supplement with valerian root.
Valerian Root Properties
Valerian root, or Valerian officianalis, is often called a "nervine" due to its calming affect, primarily by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system. In ancient times, valerian was used for calming nerves, reducing stomach upset, relaxing muscles and promoting sleep. In modern times, it was discovered that valerian interacts with GABA, a brain neurotransmitter related to anxiety and depression, according to "Medical Herbalism: The Science Principles and Practices of Herbal Medicine." The prescription drug Valium works in similar ways. The most common use of valerian is as a sleep aid, especially in combating insomnia, and to help reduce anxiety and depression. Other conditions purported to be helped by valerian include migraine headaches, irritability, poor circulation and sluggish digestion.
Effects on the Liver
Rarely has liver damage been associated with the use of valerian root and it is uncertain if it's the active ingredients with the valerian or other herbs or contaminants within supplements that negatively affect the liver. MedlinePlus, a publication of the National Institutes of Health, calls valerian "likely safe" for most people when used in medicinal amounts over the short-term, as clinical studies have reported no serious side effects in over 12,000 people in trials lasting up to 28 days. However, the safety of long-term use is unknown. Valerian does inhibit some liver enzymes in high dosages and may interfere with the metabolism of some medications or supplements. Until further evidence, people with liver conditions, taking medications, especially for high cholesterol, or who consume large amounts of alcohol should probably avoid valerian or take it under the careful supervision of a health professional.
Signs of Liver Toxicity
Liver toxicity and damage eventually leads to yellowing of the whites of the eyes and skin, called jaundice, upper-right abdominal pain and elevated liver enzymes detectable by blood tests. However, early signs are less noticeable and may include excessive fatigue, intense itching, stomach upset, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
More Common Side Effects
Any side effects with short-term use of valerian are uncommon, but can include headaches, morning drowsiness and stomach upset. Allergic reactions are possible and people who operate machinery are not advised to take valerian because of its sedating effects.
References
- "Medical Herbalism: The Science Principles and Practices of Herbal Medicine"; David Hoffmann; 2003
- "Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica"; Dan Bensky, et al.; 2004
- MedlinePlus: Valerian
- "Professional Guide to Diseases: Ninth Edition"; Springhouse Publishing; 2009
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