As your child grows, so do his needs for certain nutrients, including calcium and magnesium. The body is able to store these nutrients in the bones. However, it must be obtained from the diet on a daily basis. Deficiencies of these nutrients can lead to serious health problems. Calcium and magnesium occur in many foods and are also available in supplement forms.
Function
Your child needs calcium and magnesium to build and maintain strong bones and teeth. These nutrients are also required for muscle contraction and the normal functioning of the nervous system. Calcium is involved in blood clotting and hormone function. Magnesium is involved in the release of energy and the production of proteins needed by the body.
Recommended Allowance
The recommended dietary allowance of magnesium and calcium depends on your child's age. For children ages 1 to 3, the Food and Nutrition Board recommend 500 mg of calcium per day. The RDA is 800 mg for ages 4 to 8 and 1,300 mg for ages 9 to 13. The RDA of magnesium is 80 mg for children ages 1 to 3, 130 mg for ages 4 to 8 and 240 mg for ages 9 to 13.
Deficiencies
A low intake of calcium during childhood can lead to rickets, a disorder that causes the bones to become soft and weak. Over time, calcium deficiency can reduce bone mass, increasing the risk of osteoporosis later in life. This condition causes weak and fragile bones that are likely to fracture. Magnesium deficiency can lead to a rapid heartbeat, poor memory, fatigue and muscle weakness.
Dietary Sources
Milk, cheese and yogurt are the richest sources of calcium, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The calcium in these sources is also more easily used in your child's body. Whole milk is suitable for children ages 1 to 2 and nonfat or low-fat milk is suitable for children over age 2. If your child is lactose intolerant, low-lactose or lactose-free dairy foods are available. Other sources of calcium are green vegetables, fruit juices and breakfast cereals. Magnesium occurs in green vegetables, dried apricots, banana, avocado, pulses, beans, nuts, sunflower seeds and whole grains.
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