Judo is a distillation of techniques taken from Jujutsu by Dr. Jijoro Kano, who founded judo in 1882. The movements of judo include many different throws, as well as grapples, pins and arm locks. Traditionally, judo recognized 40 throwing techniques, but in 1982 it recognized 17 additional throws that were common in the sport and reinstated eight throws that had been removed in 1920.
Ashi Guruma
Ashi Guruma, or the leg wheel, is a hip level take-down that many onlookers mistake for a leg sweep. From a standing lockup position, identify which of your opponent's legs is the rear leg. For this example, if the right leg is the back leg, step into your opponent and place your right hip into the abdomen. Place the back of your right leg against the outside of your opponent's right leg. Torque your opponent across your body and down toward the ground using his upper body as a lever and your hip as the fulcrum of the throw.
Uki Goshi
Uki Goshi, or the floating hip, is a judo hip toss. Uki Goshi is particularly useful when fighting against a taller opponent. Execute this throw from a standing position by stepping your right foot into the instep of your opponent's right foot. Place your right hip into your opponent's abdomen and your right shoulder into his chest as you grasp his right arm. Torque your opponent's body across your body and down toward the ground by using your hip as a fulcrum and his arm as a lever across your shoulder.
Uchi Mata
Uchi Mata is an inner thigh sweep. It is very effective for taller people when fighting against shorter opponents. It is utilized when your opponent has his legs spread and is leaning forward. From a standing lock position, step into your opponent with your left leg. Place your foot near the instep of his left foot. Grasp your opponent around the shoulders with your right arm as you pull his right arm across your body to full extension with your left hand. Kick your right leg up in a sweeping arc into his inner thighs, causing his feet to lose contact with the ground. Torque his across your body and toward the ground as he loses his center of balance.
Sumi Gaeshi
Sumi Gaeshi, or Corner Counter, is a sacrifice throw used when your opponent is leaning forward towards you. From the standing position, grasp your opponent's right arm with your left arm. Grasp his left lapel or shoulder with your right arm. Roll back onto your back and place your right leg into his lower abdomen or hip. Push your opponent over your head with your right leg and guide his body with your right arm.
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