Dehydration results from not having enough fluids in the body. When your body lacks the proper amount of fluids, it is unable to carry out its normal biological functions. Mild or moderate dehydration are easily treatable, while severe dehydration demands immediate medical attention because it can potentially be life-threatening.
Causes
Dehydration may be the result of a number of possible causes. Dehydration is routinely caused by vomiting, diarrhea, excessive urination, excessive sweating and fever. Athletes in particular are at high risk of dehydration due to the extreme demands of rigorous physical activity. When working out in especially hot or humid weather, it is essential to drink enough water before and after exercise to ensure that the body is adequately hydrated.
Symptoms
Mild to moderate dehydration made lead to a number of uncomfortable, nonlife-threatening symptoms including dry mouth, concentrated urine, infrequent urination, sunken eyes, lethargy, constipation, dizziness and light-headedness. Infants, children and older adults are especially at risk for dehydration because of their high turnover of liquids, and inability to conserve as much water. If left untreated, dehydrated individuals may also suffer from heat stroke, cerebral edema, seizures, shock and death.
Tests
Apart from recognizing symptoms, there are a number of ways to determine if a person is dehydrated. Your doctor may do a blood test or urinalysis to check for electrolyte levels in the bloodstream and determine your degree of dehydration. A person who is dehydrated may also have a low blood pressure, rapid heart rate or lack normal skin elasticity when being physically examined.
Complications and Treatment
Mild and moderate dehydration are easily treated by replacing the body's lost fluids and electrolytes. However, drinking too much fluid too soon may cause vomiting. Sports drinks may also cause vomiting and worsen diarrhea because of their high sugar content. Oral rehydration therapy is one of the easiest and most effective methods for treating dehydration. Individuals suffering from severe dehydration may need to be hospitalized and treated with intravenous fluids.
