Lactose intolerance is cause by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase in your body. It prevents your body from digesting lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. The enzyme lactase is produced by cells in the lining of the small intestine. It breaks down sugar in milk into two simpler forms known as galactose and glucose, enabling them to be absorbed into the bloodstream. While some underlying causes of lactose intolerance are treatable, and can relieve symptoms, other causes are untreatable and you will need to manage your lactose intolerance for the long term.
Lactose Reduction
Treatment for lactose intolerance begins with reducing intake of lactose. Children with lactose intolerance should avoid it altogether, while adults may simply reduce their intake. The amount you can tolerate will vary. You may be able to drink a small amount of milk but have symptoms if you have cheese, or vice versa. You will need to turn to nondairy sources of calcium, such as spinach, bok choy, pinto beans, rhubarb and almonds.
Underlying Causes
You may develop secondary lactose intolerance if lactase production in your small intestine declines or ceases after surgery, illness or injury to your intestine. It is common with diseases such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel disease. While production may be restored with treatment of the underlying problem, this may take some time.
Enzyme Therapy
If you have a mild form of lactose intolerance, and you find it difficult to limit lactose-containing foods, you can take a lactase enzyme may in tablet or liquid form to help make the lactose in food easier to digest. You can also buy reduced-lactose milk, which has reduced levels of lactose but contains all of the other nutrients usually found in milk.
Other Dietary Adjustments
Watch out for hidden sources of lactose if you're avoiding it. You may find it in unexpected places such as salad dressing, dry milk powder, whey, nondairy creamers and processed meats.If you suffer from lactose intolerance you may find that some carbohydrates, such as sucrose or lactulose may also cause symptoms, as may foods containing gluten or starch. If this is the case, avoid these foods.
