Iodine Deficiency & Goiter Formation

Iodine is a dietary element. It is a compound found naturally in the environment, and it is critical to your health and well-being. According to the Linus Pauling Institute, iodine deficiency is a serious health concern that is common around the globe and can lead to uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous side effects.

Function of Iodine

Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which are responsible for maintenance and regulation of the human basal metabolic rate, or the energy used to maintain your body's functions. They also contribute to the regulation of growth, development and reproduction.

Iodine and Goiter Formation

The thyroid gland works by trapping the iodine that is released into the bloodstream on an "as needed" basis. When iodine supplies run low, the thyroid gland enlarges to take in as much iodine from the blood as is possible. Thyroid enlargement, or goiter, which presents as a lump on the neck and can vary in size, is one of the earliest and most visible signs of iodine deficiency.

Recommended Intakes and Sources

Iodine is known as a trace element, which means you need only a small amount of iodine on a daily basis. Iodine recommendations vary according to age. An infant up to 6 months old should get 110 micrograms per day. From 7 months to 1 year, the intake increases to 130 micrograms per day. From ages 1 to 8, recommended intake decreases to 90 micrograms per day. After age 9 and until age 13, intake increases to 120 micrograms per day. Adolescents over age 14 and adults need 150 micrograms per day. Most of the iodine in the American diet comes from iodized salt. Many processed and prepackaged foods are made with iodized salt and they supply most of the iodine that you need each day.

Pregnancy and Lactation

During pregnancy, iodine is extremely important. If a pregnant woman does not get enough iodine for her and her growing baby, she may compromise the baby's growth and development. An iodine deficiency during pregnancy can lead to cretinism, a form of mental and physical retardation. During pregnancy, a woman needs 220 micrograms per day and while lactating, she should get 290 micrograms per day.