Your thyroid gland requires the mineral iodine to produce thyroid hormones. A rich source of iodine is kelp, a popular sea vegetable in Japanese cuisine. Inadequate iodine consumption can lead to hypothyroidism -- a condition that affects metabolism and energy production. Sea kelp tablets are also available; however, consult your physician before taking this supplement.
Thyroid
The thyroid is located on the front of the neck. Its function is controlled by the pituitary gland, located in the center of the brain. Thyroid tissue secretes iodine-based hormones called thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin. The thyroid requires iodine to produce these hormones, which promote protein production and cellular oxygen utilization, and regulate metabolism and calcium levels in the blood.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland no longer produces adequate amounts of thyroid hormones. There are several causes of hypothyroidism, including, Hashimoto's thyroiditis -- an autoimmune disorder where the body destroys the thyroid tissue. Medical treatments like radiation to treat cancer can also affect the thyroid. Iodine deficiency can cause goiter, or swelling of the thyroid gland. When the thyroid ceases to function, bodily processes slow down and metabolism is sluggish; therefore, weight accumulates. Other symptoms include fatigue, scaly skin, goiter, headaches, menstrual problems and slow heart rate.
Sea Kelp
Sea kelp, in addition to wakame and arame is a part of the brown algae family. These types of sea vegetable contain a high concentration of iodine, a mineral that the thyroid uses to produce thyroid hormones. Other sources of iodine include iodized salt, fish and dairy. Do not ingest more than the recommended 150 mcg of iodine per day. Iodine, at a concentration greater than 150 mcg per day is toxic to thyroid cells. Overdosing iodine can cause hypothyroidism or thyroid cancer, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Iodine Deficiency
According to the Linus Pauling Institute, iodine deficiency is the primary cause of preventable brain damage globally. Iodine deficiency causes hypothyroidism, in addition to mental retardation, goiter and developmental abnormalities. A goiter is the first sign of iodine deficiency. It is a swelling of the thyroid gland in response to too much thyroid-stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland. Iodine deficiency is commonly observed in countries with depleted soil, or mountainous regions such as the Andes, Himalayas and Alps. Iodine deficiency is rare in Western culture, but risk increases if you avoid consuming iodized salt, fish and sea vegetables like sea kelp.
