When coping with sore, achy muscles and joints, you may immediately think of aspirin or ibuprofen. However, one herbal remedy continues to draw attention for its potential to alleviate these symptoms. Arnica, or Arnica montana, is a perennial shrub, native to Europe and Siberia, that grows 1 to 2 feet high and produces daisy-like flowers. The flowers, rhizome roots or whole plant is used in herbal and homeopathic remedies. Arnica has been used medicinally since the 1500s for bruising, sore muscles, inflammation and injuries. Consult your doctor before using arnica or any natural remedy.
Method of Action
Arnica demonstrates antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and tissue regenerative properties. Its anti-inflammatory effects are attributed to helenalin, an active constituent of arnica that reduces swelling. Research published in 2009 in the journal "Planta Medica" demonstrated the ability of arnica to suppress the enzymes thought to play a role in cartilage and joint destruction. Arnica gel was found to be as effective as ibuprofen gel with respect to hand functionality, pain and stiffness for osteoarthritis sufferers, according to a 2008 study published in "Holistic Nursing Practice."
Internal Use
Arnica should not be taken internally, except as a diluted homeopathic remedy. Homeopathic arnica is traditionally used internally for bleeding, bruises, pain and sprains. It is often referred to as a first-aid remedy because of this use. Taking homeopathic arnica before and after vigorous exercise may reduce muscle soreness. It is available in many potencies, with 6X, 30X and 30C being the most commonly available.
External Use
Arnica is frequently used topically as an ointment, cream, tincture or gel for a wide variety of ailments. Dr. Asa Hershoff, naturopathic physician and author of "Herbal Remedies," states that used externally, arnica is effective for muscle strains, joint sprains, swelling, pain, tenderness and inflammation. Arnica can be applied directly to sore muscles and joints according to the package instructions.
Precautions
Do not use arnica internally without direct medical supervision or in homeopathic form. When taken internally, undiluted arnica may cause muscle weakness, organ damage, coma, irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure and even death. Prolonged external use may irritate the skin. Do not use arnica on broken skin and open wounds or near the eyes and mouth. Avoid with known hypersensitivity or allergy to arnica.
References
- "Planta Medica"; Phytomedicines Prepared From Arnica Flowers Inhibit the Transcription Factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB and Modulate the Activity of MMP1 and MMP13 in Human and Bovine Chondrocytes.; C. Jäger, et al.; 2009
- "Homeopathic Remedies: A Quick and Easy Guide to Common Disorders and Their Homeopathic Treatments"; Asa Hershoff; 2000
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Arnica
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: Arnica
- "The Natural Standard Herb and Supplement Guide"; Catherine Ulbricht, PharmD; 2010
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