Tryptophan is an amino acid that your body cannot produce from other amino acids or nutrients; it must come from food sources or supplements. Your body uses tryptophan to produce niacin, a B-vitamin. Tryptophan also aids in the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter chemical. Adding tryptophan to your diet may help reduce symptoms of bipolar disorder, a condition marked by alternating phases of depression and mania.
Tryptophan Levels
Tryptophan levels in people with bipolar disorder are commonly lower than in people who do not suffer from this condition, according to the Journal of Affective Disorders. This may indicate reduced metabolism of this amino acid in bipolar patients. Increased breakdown of tryptophan in your bloodstream may also contribute to low tryptophan levels. Lower blood concentrations of tryptophan are negatively linked to scores on the Youth Mania Rating Scale, which measures the severity of mania in bipolar patients.
Serotonin Production
Serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter, aiding in the communication between brain cells. This neurotransmitter chemical is responsible for regulating mood. The activity of serotonin may be reduced during depressive phases of bipolar disorder, according to the Journal of Affective Disorders. However, serotonin activity is not consistently reduced during manic phases. Although tryptophan aids in serotonin production, it is not clear whether adding supplements or foods containing tryptophan can help improve serotonin activity during bipolar depression or mania.
Niacin Production
Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, aids in the conversion of carbohydrates from food sources into glucose, states the University of Maryland Medical Center. Glucose is a substance that your body used to produce physical energy and maintain mental alertness. Improved carbohydrate metabolism may help reduce fatigue, which may reduce the severity of bipolar depression. Also, depression is a common symptom of niacin deficiency. The role of tryptophan in niacin production may improve lethargy associated with bipolar depression; this may give you the energy you need for depression-fighting activities such as exercise and social activities.
Sources of Tryptophan
Turkey is the most commonly recognized source of tryptophan; however, other foods contain this amino acid. Animal products such as chicken, cheese and fish provide tryptophan in your diet, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Other food sources include nuts, seeds, tofu, soybeans and peanuts. Supplements containing tryptophan are also available in health food stores.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Tryptophan
- "Journal of Affective Disorders"; Tryptophan Breakdown Pathway in Bipolar Mania; Aye Mu Myint, et al.; September 2007
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Vitamin B-3 (Niacin)
- "Journal of Affective Disorders"; Serotonin and Bipolar Disorder; Tariq Mahmood, et al.; September 2001
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