The Effect Of Exercise On The Endocrine System

The Effect of Exercise on the Endocrine System

May 13, 2011 | By Susan Gilmore

Made up of glands and organs, the endocrine system works to keep the body in homeostasis, or balance. This system of ductless glands releases hormones directly into the bloodstream, sending these messenger cells throughout the body, continuously updating the body's status to their target cells. Think of the endocrine system as a thermostat--it's constantly making adjustments to keep your body in balance.

Pituitary Gland

A marble-sized gland located at the base of the brain, the pituitary is controlled by the hypothalamus gland. During exercise, the pituitary gland releases the human growth hormone. This hormone tells the body to increase bone, muscle and tissue production. The thyroid and adrenal glands are regulated by the pituitary gland.

Thyroid Gland

When you begin to exercise, the thyroid gland, located at the base of the neck, sends out hormones to regulate the body's temperature, heart rate and blood pressure. The level of alertness and concentration necessary to work at an intense level also come from the thyroid gland hormones.

Adrenal Glands

Located on top of the kidneys, the adrenal glands are responsible for the release of cortisol into the bloodstream. Cortisol levels control blood pressure and glucose levels and act as an anti-inflammatory agent. A second hormone released by the adrenal glands during exercise is aldosterone. This hormone is responsible for regulating hydration. Finally, the fight or flight hormone, adrenaline, is produced during exercise. Adrenaline regulates the speed of the heart as well as the strength of its contractions and causes stored carbohydrates to be rapidly turned over into energy.

Pancreas

The secretion of insulin and glucagon, hormones that control sugar levels in the body, comes from the pancreas. Individuals with diabetes are resistant to insulin. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity, allowing many diabetics to reduce their reliance on insulin injections.