Addison's disease, also called primary adrenal insufficiency, occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones due to damage to the adrenal cortex. Adrenal glands are small organs, located on top of each kidney, that produce cortisol, mineralocorticoid hormones and male and female sex hormones. Dietary modifications can help control symptoms of Addison's disease.
High-Sodium Foods
Patients with Addison's disease tend to lose high amounts of sodium because their adrenal glands do not produce enough mineralocorticoid hormones to regulate the levels of sodium in the body. Doctors advise patients with Addison's disease to increase sodium in the diet especially after vigorous exercise and during hot and humid weather. Examples of high sodium foods include pickles, canned foods and table salt.
Low-Potassium Foods
Patients with Addison's disease tend to retain potassium because the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones to maintain normal potassium levels in the blood, according to MayoClinic.com. Potassium-rich foods should be consumed in moderate amounts. Examples of potassium-rich foods include oranges, apricots and bananas. Patients should also have their potassium levels monitored regularly, because high levels of potassium can cause heart problems.
Complex Carbohydrates
Addison's disease causes hypoglycemia or low blood glucose levels because the adrenal glands produce less glucocorticoids, which are hormones that help increase blood sugar levels in the blood -- especially during stressful situations. Complex carbohydrates such as whole grain breads and cereals can help prevent low blood glucose levels in those with Addison's disease.
Symptoms of Addison's Disease
Symptoms of Addison's disease usually develop slowly. They include patchy darkened skin color, chronic diarrhea, paleness, muscle weakness, fainting, fatigue, low blood pressure, increased heart rate, loss of appetite, mouth lesions, salt cravings, nausea, vomiting, joint pain, irritability, depression, and unintentional weight loss, according to PubMedHealth.
