Ninjutsu focuses on stealth and espionage. Early practitioners used their skills to infiltrate enemy villages and encampments, using secret techniques to camouflage themselves. Their ability to penetrate enemy defenses made them superior assassins. Modern practitioners study the ancient practices for inspiration but also incorporate the physical fitness elements and fighting techniques of other martial arts, such as karate and kung fu.
Origins
The techniques used in ninjutsu developed slowly during periods of war in ancient Japan. Although scholars haven't identified a single point of origin, warlords began to rely on ninjas for espionage after the Onin War, which took place from 1467 to 1477 A.D. The warlords were competing with one another for regional control, and ninjas made it possible to keep an eye on the activities of enemies.
Techniques
Early ninjas underwent extensive physical training to develop endurance, speed, strength and fast reflexes. Ninjas could run many miles without tiring, survive for long periods with minimal water and food, quietly traverse over rooftops and difficult terrain, and climb tall walls to penetrate enemy villages. Deadly force was also important, so ninjas trained for years to develop their fighting abilities. For example, apprentices spent many hours punching holes filled with sand to develop hand, wrist and arm strength.
Flexbility
Physical dexterity was vital for ninjas, who often had to squeeze through tight spaces to penetrate enemy encampments. Ninjas learned how to dislocate their joints to contort their bodies into unnatural positions, which allowed them to enter and exit through small spaces, hide in tiny compartments and free themselves when tied with rope.
Effect
To respond to the increasing demand, samurai families in the Iga and Koga regions of Japan began to develop and teach the techniques, opening up at least 55 ninja houses by the late 15th century. The role of ninjas in warfare correspondingly increased, and tales of their exploits began to capture the public's imagination.
Modern Response
In the modern era, ninjas in popular culture are mysterious, dangerous characters, often villains. Sometimes they appear to have supernatural abilities, perhaps due to the mystery that surrounded the early techniques of ninjutsu, which were closely guarded secrets. Modern ninjutsu schools might teach stealth techniques, but the main focus is self-defense.
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